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Varieties Blondie, Carmine, and Tollocan as well as the advanced selection Wis from the University of Wisconsin Breeding Program were used as tetraploid parents for their high male and female fertility. Indirect transfer is less effective when compared with direct transfer, in that it has limited genetic efficiency due to the higher percentage of unadapted germplasm transmitted. Despite the prevalence of Cmm markers, hybrids closely resembled Tbr in growth habit and tuber characteristics. In any case, the possibility of using pentaploids both as male and female parents will allow derivation of progenies with either Cmm or Tbr cytoplasm. Plant Breeding in the s. According to the endosperm balance number EBN hypothesis 4 , each Solanum species has a specific EBN, determined experimentally from crosses with tester species 5 , and all successful crosses require a 2: Most of them flowered profusely and shed stainable pollen.

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Root tips were collected for mitotic analysis to check the ploidy level. Two possible explanations are the fact that markers lie outside highly expressed chromosomal regions or at least those most critical to growth and tuberization and the general dominance of the cultivated phenotype over the wild one.

Lower somatic chromosome numbers were predominant, manifesting a trend toward tetraploidy. Please review our privacy policy. Plant Mol Biol Rep.

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Two pentaploids were selected for further crosses with three cultivated varieties. Unfortunately, due to the close relationship between cultivars, the genetic basis of modern varieties is rather limited. The first step was the use of a 2EBN Cmm-4 x clone obtained by in vitro regeneration from leaf explants of a diploid Cmm Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult.

Hence, several important characteristics are strongly dependent on intralocus interactions, and genotypes with eb loci are superior to those that are mono- or diallelic.

A combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue has been used to exploit the diploid 1EBN species S. The use of colchicine on meristems is less preferable due to drug toxicity and chimera formation.

The production of near-pentaploid hybrids probably is due to the loss ebm chromosomes during megasporogenesis in the 3 x female parent, perhaps by occasional omission from a restitution nucleus. The triploid F 1 hybrids we produced flowered profusely and had a high pollen stainability, but they did not produce 2 n pollen Hermsen J G, Th G.

However, through hexaploids it is harder to restore the chromosome number and pairing and gene exchange between nonhomologous chromosomes dbn not enforced, thus possibly limiting introgressive gene flow from wild species into the cultivated gene pool via recombination.

This provided evidence of 2 n 3 x egg formation in the triploid female parents. Indeed, 44 analyzed plants Rapid progress in obtaining a large number of chromosome genotypes is expected after one or two further backcross generations, and the availability of Cmm-specific RAPDs could speed up the selection of tetraploid Cmm-Tbr hybrids.

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However, crosses between certain chromosome species and Tbr repeatedly fail due to strong sexual isolating mechanisms. Plant Breeding in the s. Novy and Hanneman 22 reported the production of triploids between Cmm and Tbr to direct transfer Cmm germplasm to Tbr, but due to the lack of fertile gametes, they never could be used in crosses with tetraploid varieties.

Bernatzky R, Tanksley S D. Solanum represents a model system to study sexual isolation mechanisms and ways to overcome them.

If the genetic recombination is limited, whole chromosomes can be moved across species to obtain addition or substitution lines. The morphology of these hybrids was varied, but their appearance resembled that of Tbr both in growth habit and tuber characteristics, and they crossed relatively easily with tetraploid potatoes.

EBN Technology TM 150 Manuals

To sexually overcome these crossing barriers in the t species S. The number of chromosomes observed among BC 2 plants was highly varied, ranging from 48 to The introgression of S. Resulting seeds were treated with gibberellic acid 1, ppm for 24 hr tj break dormancy and sown in Styrofoam trays, and the seedlings obtained were transplanted to pots.

In addition, the breeding program followed is longer and more time consuming due to the number of bridge crosses and backcrosses involved. According to the endosperm balance number EBN hypothesis 4each Solanum species has a specific EBN, determined experimentally from crosses with tester species 5and all successful crosses require a 2: This doubling technique already has been used with other Solanum species and exploits the somaclonal variation induced by the tissue culture conditions Inter-EBN introgression by in vivo manipulations was used to transfer genes from diploid S.

In any case, the possibility of using pentaploids both as male and female parents will allow derivation of progenies with either Cmm or Tbr cytoplasm. Despite the prevalence of Cmm markers, hybrids closely resembled Tbr in growth habit and tuber characteristics.